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Basics of C++ Programming Language

Basics of C++ Programming Language

  1. Introduction to C++:
    1. C++ is an extension of the C programming language, developed by Bjarne Stroustrup. It supports both procedural and object-oriented programming, making it versatile and widely used.
  2. Basic Syntax:
    1. Header Files:
      • These contain definitions of functions and macros used in the program. They are included at the top of the C++ program using the `#include` directive.
    2. Namespace:
      • Used to organize code into logical groups and prevent name collisions. The `std` namespace is commonly used.
    3. Main Function:
      • The entry point of a C++ program. Every C++ program must have a main function.
    4. Blocks:
      • Code blocks are enclosed in curly braces `{}`.
    5. Semicolons:
      • Statements in C++ end with a semicolon `;`.
  3. Variables and Data Types:
    1. C++ supports various data types including:
      • int: Integer type.
      • float: Floating-point type.
      • double: Double-precision floating-point type.
      • char: Character type.
      • bool: Boolean type.
  4. Operators:
    1. C++ includes a variety of operators such as arithmetic (`+, -, *, /`), relational (`==, !=, <, >`), and logical (`&&, ||, !`) operators.
  5. Control Structures:
    1. If-Else: Conditional statements.
    2. Switch: Multi-way branch statement.
    3. Loops: `for`, `while`, and `do-while` loops for iteration.
  6. Functions:
    1. Functions are blocks of code that perform specific tasks. They help in modularizing the code. Functions can return values and accept parameters.
  7. Classes and Objects:
    1. C++ is an object-oriented language, which means it supports classes and objects. A class is a blueprint for objects, and an object is an instance of a class.
  8. Inheritance and Polymorphism:
    1. Inheritance: Allows a class to inherit properties and methods from another class.
    2. Polymorphism: Allows methods to do different things based on the object it is acting upon.
  9. Standard Library:
    1. C++ has a rich standard library that includes functions for input/output, string manipulation, data structures, algorithms, and more.

I hope this helps! Let me know if there's anything else you need. 😊
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